![]() ![]() Taiwan Guoyu is also mutually intelligible with Putonghua, but when compared with Standard Guoyu, Taiwan Guoyu exhibits greater differences in pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar. ![]() These divergences are often the result of Taiwan Guoyu incorporating influences from other languages used in Taiwan, primarily Minnanyu, but also Japanese. Taiwan Guoyu diverges in varying degrees from Standard Guoyu, with some speakers being closer to Standard Guoyu than others. Mandarin, as colloquially spoken in Taiwan, can be broadly called "Taiwan Guoyu" ( 台灣國語 Táiwān Guóyǔ). Very few people speak purely standard Guoyu, however. The core of this standard variety is described in the Ministry of Education Mandarin Chinese Dictionary. This variety is taught as the standard in the education system and is employed in official communications and most news media. On one end of the spectrum, there is Standard Guoyu ( 標準國語 Biāozhǔn Guóyǔ), the official national language of the Republic of China (Taiwan). Guoyu spoken in Taiwan exists on a spectrum, from the most formal, standardized variety to the least formal, with the heaviest influence of non-Mandarin Chinese languages, primarily Minnanyu. ![]() The two forms of Mandarin evolved additional differences over the decades of political separation between the Republic of China in Taiwan and the People's Republic of China in the mainland, though both remain mutually intelligible. Some grammatical differences also exist, often due to the influence of Minnanyu. Written Chinese (both Guoyu and Chinese languages like Hakka and Minnanyu) in Taiwan generally uses traditional characters, in contrast to mainland China, excluding Hong Kong and Macau, where simplified Chinese characters were adopted beginning in the 1950s. Guoyu also incorporates vocabulary from Minnanyu and Japanese. Notable characteristics of Guoyu as is commonly spoken in Taiwan, include its somewhat different tonal qualities compared to Putonghua, the lack of the erhua phenomenon, and the lack of retroflex consonants (with zh-, ch-, sh- being pronounced like z-, c-, and s-). Standard Guoyu pronunciations tend to be based on prescribed dictionaries of the period, whereas Standard Putonghua integrated colloquial Northern Mandarin pronunciations for some words. Putonghua in mainland China and Guoyu in Taiwan are highly similar and derive from the same standard based on the phonology of the Beijing dialect of Mandarin Chinese and the grammar of written vernacular Chinese in the early 20th century. 'common speech') was likewise promoted as the national language. At the same time, in the People's Republic of China on the mainland, Putonghua ( simplified Chinese: 普通话 traditional Chinese: 普通話 pinyin: Pǔtōnghuà lit. The KMT promulgated Standard Mandarin as the national language while suppressing non-Mandarin languages in the public sphere in Taiwan. With the defeat of Imperial Japan in World War II, Taiwan was handed to the Republic of China under the Kuomintang (KMT), which by 1950 had been pushed by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) out of the mainland. Japan annexed Taiwan in 1895 and governed the island as a colony for the next 50 years, during which time Japanese was introduced and taught in schools. Chinese settlers came to Taiwan in the 16th century but spoke other Chinese languages, primarily Southern Min, and Taiwanese indigenous peoples speak unrelated Austronesian languages. Guoyu is not prevalently spoken in Taiwan before the mid of the 20th century. This language has had a significant influence on Mandarin as spoken on the island. ![]() A large majority of the Taiwanese population is fluent in Mandarin, though many also speak a variety of Min Chinese known as Taiwanese Hokkien, commonly called Minnanyu ( Chinese: 閩南語 pinyin: Mǐnnányǔ Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Bân-lâm-gú), Southern Min, Taigi or Hokkien. 'National Language') and colloquially as Huayu ( 華語 Huáyǔ 'Mandarin Language') refers to Mandarin Chinese spoken in Taiwan. Taiwanese Mandarin, Guoyu ( Chinese: 國語 pinyin: Guóyǔ lit. National language of the Republic of China For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Percentage of Taiwanese aged 6 and above who spoke Mandarin at home in 2010 darker blue corresponds to a greater density of Mandarin speakers ![]()
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